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PostgreSQL manages database access permissions using the concept of roles. A role can be thought of as either a database user, or a group of database users, depending on how the role is set up. A role can be thought of as either a database user, or a group of database users, depending on how the role is set up. 11 1.c builds 21 1 te website revews countrv Connected. Reviewer ratina ttle 5 Excellent and very usefu S utility 3 go ahead! 5 Fills a HUGE need Workg wall 5 great app I de s and a time 5 utility! 5 What it says on the can s worked ag degcrihed 5 Creat 5 und gut d 5 — Watch out 5 Worked as it sh Page I Of I PostgreSQL c 11 12 date 1 2011-02.
Simpleedit 1 6 esv. Magic number 2 8 8 – a better calculator percentage. This article provides comprehensive documentation for Security-Enhanced PostgreSQL (SE-PostgreSQL).SE-PostgreSQL is a built-in enhancement of PostgreSQL, providing additional access controls based on Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) security policy. The following chapters show the background, overview, design, and references (object classes, permissions, etc.) for SE-PostgreSQL.
- List of chapters
- Introduction
- 1What is SE-PostgreSQL
Databases are significant facilities for managing information assets.Databases enable information to be searched for, retrieved, and stored in more elegant ways than with file systems.
Most existing RDBMSs apply their own access controls, for example, GRANT and REVOKE, without collaborating with operating system. This can result in inconsistent access controls compared to ones on filesystem and so on.
Some modern operating systems have enhanced access control features, such as SELinux.The design of most of these features is based upon the reference monitor model (which came from 1980's researches), that allows all system access to be managed by a centralized security policy.The reference monitor model assumes that object managers (for example, operating systems) can capture all system access, and then make decisions about whether that access is allowed or denied. Note: an operating systems is not the object manager in all cases.A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is an object manager for database objects, similar to operating systems being object managers for file system objects. Previously, RDBMSs made access control decisions independently from a centralized security policy, and as such, meticulous care to keep its consistency between OS and RDBMS.
Wolfram mathematica subscription. SE-PostgreSQL is a built-in enhancement of PostgreSQL, providing fine-grained mandatory access control (MAC) for database objects.SE-PostgreSQL makes access control decisions based on SELinux security policy, the same way user access to file system objects is managed by the operating system. It provides the following significant features:
Mandatory access controls
PostgreSQL uses the concept of a database superuser that can bypass all access controls of native PostgreSQL. On the contrary, SE-PostgreSQL enforces its access control on any client, without exception, even if the client is a database superuser.Clients can only access database objects when access is allowed by both native PostgreSQL and SE-PostgreSQL, similar to the relationship between Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC) on certain operating systems.
Fine-grained access controls
Granularity of access control depends on the RDBMS. SE-PostgreSQL allows access control to be configured at the column and row levels (only a few proprietary RDBMSs support column and row level access-control options).
Columns and rows are the smallest unit of database objects. Access control on these objects allows database administrators to apply flexible access control on them.
Consistency in access controls
SELinux requires all processes and objects to have a security context that represents its privileges and attributes. SE-PostgreSQL assigns a security context on each database objects (which are tuples in system/general tables), and makes access control decisions based on the privileges and attributes as if SELinux applies them in the kernel.
libselinux provides an interesting API named as getpeercon(), that enables you to get the security context of a peer process connecting to a server process. SE-PostgreSQL needs security contexts to make its decisions. This is a significant feature for consistency in access controls, in that privileges for clients and the attributes for objects are represented in the same form.
Consider RDBMSs (including PostgreSQL) as an inter-process communication channel, the same as file systems, networks, IPC, and so on.
The most significant purpose for security mechanisms is to protect classified information being leaked. On subsystems with individual access controls -- not a centralized one -- an attacker can choose the weakest inter-process communication channel.
SELinux is an operating system feature that applies a single, unified security policy over the whole operating system. System calls are intercepted and inspected. This approach allows policy to be enforced with minimal costs; however, keep in mind that several user-space object managers, such as the X Window System and RDBMSs, can be used as inter-process communication channels. Resources managed in user-space are invisible to the kernel, leaving two options for security policy: the traditional all-or-nothing policy, that does not allow user-space objects to be shared (this is unrealistic), or the enhancement of user-space object managers, making their access control decisions based on the single, unified security policy of SELinux.
The above figure demonstrates consistent
PostgreSQL is released under the PostgreSQL License,a liberal Open Source license, similar to the BSD or MIT licenses.
PostgreSQL Database Management System
(formerly known as Postgres, then as Postgres95)
Portions Copyright © 1996-2021, The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
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Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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Why not the GNU General Public License?
Postico 1 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Permissions Command
People often ask why PostgreSQL is not released under the GNU GeneralPublic License. The simple answer is: we like our license and do notwant to change it!
If you would like to read more about this topic, then pleasetake a look at the mailing list archives atone of the many discussions on this subject.
Will PostgreSQL ever be released under a different license?
Postico 1 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Permissions Download
The PostgreSQL Global Development Group remains committed to making PostgreSQL available as free and open source software in perpetuity. There are no plans to change the PostgreSQL License or release PostgreSQL under a different license.
